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Emerging market and developing economies have experienced recurrent episodes of rapid debt accumulation over the past fifty years. This paper examines the consequences of debt accumulation using a three-pronged approach: an event study of debt accumulation episodes in 100 emerging market and developing economies since 1970; a series of econometric models examining the linkages between debt and the probability of financial crises; and a set of case studies of rapid debt buildup that ended in crises. The paper reports four main results. First, episodes of debt accumulation are common, with more than 500 episodes occurring since 1970. Second, around half of these episodes were associated with financial crises which typically had worse economic outcomes than those without crises - after 8 years output per capita was typically 6-10 percent lower and investment 15-22 percent weaker in crisis episodes. Third, a rapid buildup of debt, whether public or private, increased the likelihood of a financial crisis, as did a larger share of short-term external debt, higher debt service cover, and lower reserves cover. Fourth, countries that experienced financial crises frequently employed combinations of unsustainable fiscal, monetary and financial sector policies, and often suffered from structural and institutional weaknesses.
Banking Crisis --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Currency Crisis --- Debt Accumulation --- Debt Crisis --- Debt Markets --- Debt Sustainability --- External Debt --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal Sustainability --- International Economics and Trade --- Macroeconomic Management --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Private Debt --- Public Debt
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Episodes of debt accumulation have been a recurrent feature of the global economy over the past fifty years. Since 2010, emerging and developing economies have experienced another wave of historically large and rapid debt accumulation. Similar past debt buildups have often ended in widespread financial crises in these economies. This paper examines the factors that are likely to determine the outcome of the most recent debt wave, and considers policy options to help reduce the likelihood that it ends again in widespread crises. It reports two main results. First, the rapid increase in debt has made emerging and developing economies more vulnerable to shifts in market sentiment, notwithstanding historically low global interest rates. Second, policy options are available to lower the likelihood of financial crises, and to help manage the adverse impacts of crises when they do occur. These include sound debt management, strong monetary and fiscal frameworks, and robust bank supervision and regulation. The post-crisis debt buildup has coincided with a period of subdued growth as well as the emergence of non-traditional creditors. As a result, policy priorities also need to ensure that debt is spent on productive purposes to improve growth prospects and that all debt-related transactions are transparently reported.
Currency Crisis --- Debt Crisis --- Debt Markets --- Debt Sustainability --- Debt Wave --- Economic Adjustment and Lending --- Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance --- Emerging Market Economies --- External Debt --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Crisis --- Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- International Economics and Trade --- Monetary Policy --- Private Debt --- Public Debt --- Public Financial Management --- Public Sector Development
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ISETE 24 analyses monetary policies and central bank actions in the context of the recent global financial crisis. Part 1 discusses standard monetary policies and inflation targeting rules. Those approaches were appropriate to reaching two main objectives during the great moderation: controlling inflation and accommodating economic growth. But the end of the great moderation revealed the inadequacy of such monetary policies during the rapid development of financial and credit markets. Speculative bubbles, revealing financial instabilities, resulted in a credit crunch, a global financial crisis, and economic depression for major economies. Part II focuses on the non-conventional monetary policies introduced recently by several central banks. New monetary rules and variations in these rules are documented. Besides the well-known targets of monetary policy (inflation, unemployment, and economic growth), these new rules often target asset prices to moderate the development of financial markets and the volatility of financial cycles. ISETE 24 also investigates the effects of non-conventional monetary policies on developing and emerging economies and issues of alternative finance.
Business. --- Currency crisis. --- Financial crisis. --- Monetary policy. --- Monetary policy --- Banks and banking --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Money --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Government policy --- Econometric models. --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Econometric models --- Global Financial Crisis (2008-2009) --- E-books --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Financial crises --- 333.80 --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden. --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden --- Econometrics. --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009.
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The reform in Asian financial sectors-especially in banking and stock markets-has been remarkable since the currency crisis of 1997-98. East Asia is now a major player in international finance, providing serious competition to the more traditional financial centers of London and New York. Financial Sector Development in the Pacific Rim provides a rich collection of theoretical and empirical analyses of the growing capital markets in the region. Bringing together authors from various East Asian and Pacific nations, this volume examines the institutional fac
Financial institutions --- Financial crises --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Crises --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- asia, reform, banking, stock market, currency crisis, finance, trade, international, economy, economics, politics, government, nonfiction, innovation, development, consolidation, mergers, acquisition, policy, hong kong, shanghai, tokyo, mortgage lending, saving, investment, korea, consumer credit, merger, valuation, china, banks, japan, takenaka, stability, social welfare, business.
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Financial crises are nothing new in the annals of history of the capitalistic path of economic development; indeed, they are part of business cycle. The theoretical basis for this is well entrenched in the concept of ‘Keynesian Cross’. Tales of crises date back centuries, but have taken a new turn as the race for more globalization goes on, which involves liberalizing trade and opening up the financial sector. This has made many nations vulnerable to crises that are likely to be repeated, perhaps frequently. Based on recent experience, warning signs can be seen in the dollar-centric exchange rate, which is the mainstay for the stability of the current global financial system. To a careful observer, there is clearly fatigue in the system.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) --- banking crises --- reserve currency --- asymmetry --- derivative --- Asian crisis --- policy uncertainty --- monetary plurality --- mortgage crisis --- nonlinear ARDL --- China --- emerging market economies --- exchange rates --- default swap --- LIBOR --- currency --- cash flow --- Belt and Road Initiative --- money demand --- commodity price stabilisation --- trade balance --- risk management --- Argentina --- RMB internationalization --- GMM --- currency convertibility --- investment --- Grondona system --- exchange rate disconnect puzzle --- monetary policy --- NARDL --- Special Drawing Right --- currency pegs --- international monetary system --- economic institutions --- cointegration --- macroeconomic fundamentals --- currency crisis --- the U.S.A.
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The international flow of long-term private capital has increased dramatically in the 1990's. In fact, many policymakers now consider private foreign capital to be an essential resource for the acceleration of economic growth. This volume focuses attention on the microeconomic determinants and effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the East Asian region, allowing researchers to explore the overall structure of FDI, to offer case studies of individual countries, and to consider their insights, both general and particular, within the context of current economic theory.
Investments, Foreign --- -#SBIB:051.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:33H071 --- #SBIB:33H13 --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Economische internationale betrekkingen --- Economische politiek --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Finance --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- E-books --- #SBIB:051.AANKOOP --- Investments, Foreign - East Asia --- foreign direct investment, east asia, economics, finance, private capital, economic growth, microeconomic determinants, electronics, japan, manufacturing, technology, transfer, sector switching, research, development, multinationals, international joint ventures, government, policy, regulation, taiwan, restructuring, textiles, currency crisis, korea, china, labor, nonfiction.
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The 1990s saw a revival of the currency board system, and proponents have advocated it as an easy-to-set-up exchange rate arrangement providing effective stabilization of the economy. However, the experience of Argentina has highlighted the risks of having a currency board. This study presents both the potential benefits, as well as the risks, of having a currency board by examining the stability of the currency board arrangement and identifying factors affecting the stability. The analysis is based on second-generation currency crisis models, extended to incorporate currency-board specific features and to account for particular aspects often found in currency-board economies.
AA / International- internationaal --- 333.825 --- 333.111.40 --- 333.420.0 --- Currency boards --- 332.414 --- Financial institutions --- Monetary policy --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen. --- Theorieën in verband met de keuze van de geldstandaard. Currency substitution. Foreign currency deposits. --- Politics & government --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Monetary economics --- Economic history --- Currency boards |v Case studies. --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen --- Theorieën in verband met de keuze van de geldstandaard. Currency substitution. Foreign currency deposits --- Argentina --- Boards --- Currency --- Currency Board --- Currency Crisis --- Estonia --- Exchange Rate --- Foreign-Currency Debt --- Hong Kong --- Lithuania --- Stabilitätspolitik --- Stability --- Stukenbrock
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Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world's population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of-or in spite of-globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization's perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both
International economic relations --- Capital movements. --- Globalization. --- Globalization - Economic aspects. --- International economic relations. --- International trade. --- Poverty. --- Poverty --- Globalization --- International trade --- Capital movements --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic aspects --- Economic aspects. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Destitution --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Commerce --- Non-traded goods --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- E-books --- food aid, currency crisis, poverty, financial integration, import tariffs, globalization, international, trade, economy, economics, nonfiction, endowment, productivity, wage inequality, liberalization, oecd, agriculture, urban, columbia, india, poland, industry, zambia, africa, english language, business, risk, china, ethiopia, indonesia, growth, volatility, labor, mexico, income.
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'Des te erger voor de feiten.' Met die woorden vatte de Duitse filosoof G.W.F. Hegel ooit zijn wijsgerig project samen, een stoutmoedig pleidooi vóór theorie en tégen de journalistieke waan van de dag. Vanuit dat motto verzamelt deze bundel een half decennium aan essays met politiek-filosofische insteek. Die behandelen thema's van de bankencrisis over de coronacrisis tot de malaise van de democratie. In vogelvlucht worden enkele diepe verschuivingen zichtbaar in het politieke bestel na 2008 – zowel in België als in het buitenland. Neemt populisme de plaats van partijdemocratie in? Slaat de postpolitiek van de jaren 1990 vandaag door in 'hyperpolitiek'? En is de tijd van de monsters aangebroken, of die van een progressieve dageraad? Des te erger voor de feiten voorziet context bij een oneindig verwarrend tijdperk.
Politics --- essays --- social criticism --- cultuurfilosofie --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Belgium --- 041 Essays met verspreide inhoud --- 211 Politieke filosofie --- 388 Politieke partijen en stromingen --- COVID-19 --- monetaire crisis --- populisme --- crise monétaire --- krizë monetare --- crisi monetaria --- měnová krize --- valuuttakriisi --- crisis monetaria --- monetarna kriza --- géarchéim airgeadaíochta --- denarna kriza --- monetáris válság --- menová kríza --- valutakrise --- valūtas krīze --- парична криза --- criză monetară --- pinigų krizė --- Währungskrise --- crise monetária --- valutakris --- valuutakriis --- kryzys walutowy --- νομισματική κρίση --- kriżi monetarja --- monetary crisis --- монетарна криза --- kriżi finanzjarja --- krize měny --- crise financière --- finanční krize --- criză financiară --- finanšu krīze --- géarchéim airgeadais --- rahanduskriis --- nemzetközi pénzügyi válság --- Schuldenkrise --- crise financeira --- monetær krise --- rahoituskriisi --- finančná kríza --- crisi finanziaria --- krizë financiare --- finansiell kris --- currency crisis --- finančna kriza --- finanskris --- finantskriis --- kryzys finansowy --- financial crisis --- финансијска криза --- internationale Finanzkrise --- pénzügyi válság --- меѓународна финансиска криза --- валутна криза --- financiële crisis --- crisis financiera --- géarchéim airgeadra --- mezinárodní finanční krize --- финансиска криза --- χρηματοοικονομική κρίση --- должничка криза --- finanskrise --- krize finančního systému --- криза на финансискиот систем --- Finanzkrise --- финансова криза --- finansinė krizė
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Jarenlang waren alleen de free marketeers te horen. In allerlei burgermanifesten hoorde je: het eigenbelang zorgt voor de economie en voor de welvaart. Een moderne ketter die anders durfde te beweren. De financiële crisis heeft die heilige huisjes omvergeblazen. Banken en bedrijven staan beduusd in de bedelrij voor steun van de vermaledijde overheid. We staan voor turbulente tijden. Werkloosheid? Flexibiliteit? De pensioenen en sociale uitkeringen naar omlaag? De openbare dienstverlening afbouwen? Hoezo, na de crisis precies dezelfde recepten als ervoor? Op mensenmaat geeft een stem aan wie de crisis aan den lijve ondervindt. Het vertrekt vanuit de buik van de samenleving. Het reikt eenvoudige, haalbare maatregelen aan: een overheidsbank, geen afdankingen in bedrijven die winst maken, btw-verlaging op gas en elektriciteit, het kiwimodel. 'Vandaag zijn we allemaal socialisten', schreef het magazine Newsweek onlangs. Op mensenmaat kijkt verder dan het eendagssocialisme. Het reikt stof aan voor een socialisme zonder blauwe plekken. Stof voor een maatschappijvisie op mensenmaat. Stof tot debat, stof tot verandering. (bron: covertekst)
Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Belgium --- Maatschappijkritiek - PVDA (België) --- Maatschappijkritiek - PVDA (België). --- 382 Sociaal-democratie --- #SBIB:323H318 --- BPB0904 --- Crise monétaire --- Socialisme --- S20090704.JPG --- communisme --- economische crisis --- socialisme --- Belgische politieke partijen: kleine of tijdelijke partijen --- Monetaire crisis --- 329 --- 338.97 --- krizë monetare --- monetaire crisis --- crisi monetaria --- měnová krize --- valuuttakriisi --- crisis monetaria --- monetarna kriza --- denarna kriza --- monetáris válság --- menová kríza --- valutakrise --- valūtas krīze --- парична криза --- criză monetară --- pinigų krizė --- Währungskrise --- crise monetária --- valutakris --- valuutakriis --- kryzys walutowy --- νομισματική κρίση --- kriżi monetarja --- monetary crisis --- монетарна криза --- géarchéim airgeadra --- kriżi finanzjarja --- krize měny --- crise financière --- finanční krize --- criză financiară --- finanšu krīze --- géarchéim airgeadais --- rahanduskriis --- nemzetközi pénzügyi válság --- Schuldenkrise --- crise financeira --- monetær krise --- rahoituskriisi --- finančná kríza --- crisi finanziaria --- krizë financiare --- finansiell kris --- currency crisis --- finančna kriza --- finanskris --- finantskriis --- kryzys finansowy --- financial crisis --- финансијска криза --- internationale Finanzkrise --- pénzügyi válság --- меѓународна финансиска криза --- валутна криза --- financiële crisis --- crisis financiera --- mezinárodní finanční krize --- финансиска криза --- χρηματοοικονομική κρίση --- должничка криза --- finanskrise --- krize finančního systému --- криза на финансискиот систем --- Finanzkrise --- финансова криза --- finansinė krizė --- socialismus --- Sozialismus --- socijalizam --- socialismo --- sotsialism --- soċjaliżmu --- sociālisms --- sosialismi --- socializem --- socjalizm --- socialism --- socializmas --- социализъм --- σοσιαλισμός --- socializmus --- socializëm --- социјализам --- szocializmus --- socialismus s „lidskou tváří“ --- социјалистички општествен поредок --- socialistický řád --- sóisialachas --- géarchéim airgeadaíochta --- Crise monétaire
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